In the ever-evolving field of molecular biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Gel Electrophoresis have emerged as cornerstone techniques that facilitate the study and manipulation of DNA. These methodologies are not only integral to research but also have widespread applications in diagnostics, forensic science, and biotechnology.
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PCR is a revolutionary technique developed by Kary Mullis in 1983, which allows scientists to amplify a specific DNA segment exponentially. The process begins with the denaturation of the DNA, where the double-stranded DNA is heated to around 94°C, causing it to separate into two single strands. This is followed by annealing, where primers—short sequences of nucleotides—bind to the complementary sequences on the single-stranded DNA at a lower temperature (usually around 55°C). Finally, the extension phase occurs at 72°C, where the enzyme DNA polymerase synthesizes a new strand of DNA by adding nucleotides to the primers. This cycle is repeated 20-40 times, leading to millions of copies of the target DNA sequence.
Once the DNA has been amplified, Gel Electrophoresis is employed to separate and analyze the PCR products. This technique involves the migration of DNA fragments through an agarose gel matrix under the influence of an electric field. DNA molecules are negatively charged due to their phosphate backbone, and they migrate towards the positive electrode. The gel acts as a sieve, allowing smaller DNA fragments to move faster than larger ones. As a result, DNA fragments are separated based on their size, with distinct bands visible under ultraviolet light after staining with a dye like ethidium bromide.
Beijing LIUYI Gel Electrophoresis Products
The combination of PCR and Gel Electrophoresis is powerful in many applications. In medical diagnostics, PCR is used to detect the presence of pathogens, genetic mutations, or specific DNA sequences related to disease. Gel Electrophoresis then allows for the visualization and confirmation of these amplified DNA fragments. In forensic science, these techniques are crucial for DNA fingerprinting, where they help to match DNA samples from crime scenes with those of suspects.
Beijing Liuyi Biotechnology Co. Ltd (Liuyi Biotechnology) has specialized in manufacturing electrophoresis instruments for more than 50 years with our own professional technical team and R&D center. We have reliable and complete production line from design to inspection, and warehouse, as well as marketing support. Our main products are Electrophoresis Cell (tank/chamber), Electrophoresis Power Supply, Blue LED Transilluminator, UV Transilluminator, Gel Image & Analysis System etc. We also supply the lab instruments like PCR instrument, vortex mixer and centrifuge for laboratory.
Beijing LIUYI Gel Electrophoresis Products
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Post time: Aug-15-2024